Práticas integrativas e complementares na odontologia / Integrative and complementary practices in dentistry / Prácticas integradoras y complementarias en odontología

As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) apresentam-se como métodos coadjuvantes, auxiliando na obtenção de sucesso em determinados tratamentos clínicos e/ou cirúrgicos, atuando na prevenção, auxiliando na cura e no equilíbrio psicossomático com a finalidade de reestabelecer concordância entre mente e corpo. O Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) regulamentou práticas como acupuntura, hipnose, terapia floral e fitoterapia, entretanto, suas aplicabilidades dependem da emissão de uma habilitação e seu devido registro no Conselho (Resolução CFO 82/2008). Para a Odontologia, as PICs proporcionam novas ferramentas para exercer um atendimento integral do ser humano. Neste trabalho, propõe-se fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre as PICs e Odontologia. Esta revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de busca de artigos na base de dados Scielo, PubMed e Scholar Google no período de 2000 a 2021. Foram encontrados artigos sobre as seguintes PICs atuando conjuntamente com a Odontologia: terapias florais, acupuntura, hipnodontia, ozonioterapia, laserterapia, fitoterapia, homeopatia e odontologia antroposófica. Essas práticas apresentam grande valia, pois promovem o bem-estar sem causar dano ao indivíduo, apresentando poucos ou nenhum efeito colateral possibilitando maior segurança aos pacientes, além de favorecer a relação entre paciente e cirurgião-dentista, otimizando o tempo de trabalho no consultório odontológico e reduzindo custos.

Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICs) are presented as supporting methods, helping to achieve success in certain clinical and/or surgical treatments, acting in prevention, assisting in healing and psychosomatic balance in order to reestablish agreement between mind and body. . The Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) has regulated practices such as acupuncture, hypnosis, floral therapy and herbal medicine, however, their applicability depends on the issuance of a license and its proper registration with the Council (Resolution CFO 82/2008). For Dentistry, PICs provide new tools to provide comprehensive care to human beings. In this work, we propose to review the literature on PICs and Dentistry. This literature review was carried out by searching articles in the Scielo, PubMed and Scholar Google databases from 2000 to 2021. Articles were found on the following PICs working together with Dentistry: floral therapies, acupuncture, hypnodontics, ozone therapy , laser therapy, phytotherapy, homeopathy and anthroposophic dentistry. These practices are of great value, as they promote well-being without causing harm to the individual, presenting few or no side effects, allowing greater safety for patients, in addition to favoring the relationship between patient and dentist, optimizing working time in the dental office and reducing costs.

Las Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias (PIC) se presentan como métodos coadyuvantes, ayudando a obtener el éxito en determinados tratamientos clínicos y/o quirúrgicos, actuando en la prevención, ayudando en la cura y en el equilibrio psicosomático con el fin de restablecer la concordancia entre mente y cuerpo. El Consejo Federal de Odontología (CFO) ha regulado prácticas como la acupuntura, la hipnosis, la terapia floral y la fitoterapia, sin embargo, su aplicabilidad depende de la emisión de un título y su correcto registro en el Consejo (Resolución CFO 82/2008). Para la odontología, los PIC aportan nuevas herramientas para la atención integral del ser humano. En este trabajo, nos proponemos hacer una revisión bibliográfica sobre los PIC y la Odontología. Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó mediante la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed y Scholar Google desde el año 2000 hasta el 2021. Se encontraron artículos sobre los siguientes CFP que actúan conjuntamente con la Odontología: terapias florales, acupuntura, hipnodoncia, ozonoterapia, terapia láser, fitoterapia, homeopatía y odontología antroposófica. Estas prácticas tienen un gran valor porque promueven el bienestar sin causar daño al individuo, presentando pocos o ningún efecto secundario, proporcionando mayor seguridad a los pacientes, y favoreciendo la relación entre el paciente y el dentista, optimizando el tiempo de trabajo en el consultorio y reduciendo los costos.

Effectiveness of hypnosis therapy and Gestalt therapy as depression treatments / Eficacia de la terapia de hipnosis y de la terapia gestáltica como tratamientos de la depresión

We analyzed the effectiveness of two psychological therapies to treat depression in the Culiacan population, Mexico. According to criteria of MINI (international Neuropsychiatric interview), 30 individuals from a total of 300 were selected and diagnosed with some kind of depression. Patients were divided in three groups: 1) treatment with hypnosis therapy, 2) treatment with Gestalt-hypnosis therapy, and 3) control group. Before and after the treatments the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was applied to know the depression level of the analyzed groups. The results show that the three groups were presenting a moderated level of depression. The groups under hypnosis therapy and Gestalt-hypnosis therapy show statistical differences between pre-test and post-test. The hypnosis therapy shows significant statistic differences to treat depression with respect to the other two groups. In conclusion, the therapeutic hypnosis is an effective treatment and has relevance to treat depression, while other therapeutic treatments tend to be slow and with minor result. This study is the first of this kind carried out in Culiacan in Sinaloa, Mexico

En este estudio se analiza la eficacia de dos terapias psicológicas para tratar la depresión en la población de Culiacán, México. Según los criterios de la MINI (entrevista neuropsiquiátrica internacional) se seleccionó a 30 sujetos de un total de 300 y se les diagnosticó de algún tipo de depresión. Se dividió a los pacientes en tres grupos: 1) tratamiento con terapia hipnosis, 2) tratamiento con terapia gestalt-hipnosis y 3) grupo control. Antes y después de los tratamientos se aplicó el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) para conocer el grado de depresión de los grupos analizados. Los resultados muestran que los tres grupos presentaban un grado moderado de depresión. Los grupos de hipnosis y gestalt-hipnosis muestran diferencias estadísticas entre el pretest y el postest. La terapia de hipnosis muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas para tratar la depresión con respecto a los otros dos grupos. En conclusión, la hipnosis terapéutica es un tratamiento eficaz y es relevante para tratar la depresión, mientras que otros tratamientos terapéuticos tienden a ser más lentos y tener peores resultados. Se trata del primer estudio de este tipo llevado a cabo en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México

Tricotilomanía: tratamiento psicodinámico de un caso / Trichotillomania: a case study in psychodynamic treatment / Tricotil·lomania: tractament psicodinàmic d’un cas

Se presenta la psicopatología de la tricotilomanía y otras conductas repetitivas centradas en el cuerpo, así como las claves de su tratamiento a través de la psicoterapia psicoanalítica breve aplicada a un caso. Se obtienen varias conclusiones: la paciente tricotilomaníaca, a pesar de aparentar baja mentalización, muestra una actividad imaginaria que permite el acceso al análisis de sus sueños; la fijación a un conflicto oral reprimido, que atañe al proceso arcaico de separación, formación del yo y diferenciación psique/soma, es el núcleo principal del trastorno; para el acceso y elaboración de los contenidos inconscientes es importante un trabajo terapéutico sobre la diada madre-hija (AU)

The psychopathology of trichotillomania and other repetitive behaviors focused on the body is presented. We describe the keys to their treatment, through a brief process of psychoanalytic psychotherapy applied to a case. Several conclusions are reached: the trichotillomaniac patient, despite appearing to have a low degree of mentalization, displays imaginary activity that allows for access to the analysis of his or her dreams; the fixation on a repressed oral conflict, associated with the archaic process of separation (on formation of the Ego and of the psyche / soma differentiation), is the core of this disorder; in order to help the patient access and process unconscious contents, it is important to undertake therapeutic work on the mother-daughter dyad (AU)

Es presenta la psicopatologia de la tricotil·lomania i altres con­ductes repetitives centrades en el cos, així com les claus del seu tractament mitjançant la psicopatologia psicoanalítica breu aplicada a un cas. S’obtenen diverses conclusions: la pacient tricotil·lomaníaca, tot i aparentar baixa mentalització, mostra una activitat imaginària que permet l’accés a l’anàlisi dels seus somnis; la fixació a un conflicte oral reprimit, que pertoca al procés arcaic de separació, formació del jo i diferenciació psique/soma, és el nucli principal del trastorn; per l’accés i l’elaboració dels continguts inconscients, és important un treball terapèutic sobre la díada mare-filla

A technical description of a novel pharmacological anesthesia robot.

To control the three components of general anesthesia (hypnosis, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade), an automated closed-loop, anesthesia-drug delivery system (McSleepy) was developed. Bispectral index was used as the control variable for hypnosis, the analgoscore for analgesia, and phonomyography for neuromuscular blockade. McSleepy can be used to control the induction, maintenance and emergence from general anesthesia. To do so, a large touch screen is used to provide a user friendly interface, permitting bidirectional communication: the user giving information about the different stages of anesthesia, and the system prompting the anesthesiologist to perform certain actions such as mask ventilation, intubation or waking-up the patient using audio clips with voice commands. Several safety features were implemented to provide a secure and reliable anesthesia. Preliminary results of 15 patients are presented in this paper. Evaluation of McSleepy was done through an assessment of its clinical performance and using Varvel's performance indices. The system was found to be clinically useful by providing good precision in drug administration and reliable results for the duration of a general anesthesia.

La imagen del magnetismo animal en la literatura de ficción: los casos de Poe, Doyle y Du Maurier / The image of animal magnetism in fictional literature: the cases of Poe, Doyle and Du Maurier

En el presente trabajo nos acercamos a la imagen social del fenómeno conocido como mesmerismo o magnetismo animal a través del análisis de las obras: The Facts in the Case of Mr. Valdemar (1845) de Edgar Allan Poe, The Great Keinplatz Experiment (1885) de Conan Doyle y Trilby (1894) de George Du Maurier. Mostraremos cuál es el estereotipo del magnetizador y los usos que observamos del mesmerismo. Nos acercaremos a los espacios y actores del trasunto mesmerico presentado en los relatos. Tendremos en cuenta la recepción por parte del público de estas historias y las relaciones con los conocimientos mesmericos e hipnóticos que tenían los autores de éstas. En la actualidad, investigadores académicos, dentro de la disciplina de la psicología, publican artículos y libros sobre los mitos populares de la hipnosis intentando poner de manifiesto las imágenes distorsionadas referentes a este fenómeno. Esta imagen distorsionada del proceso hipnótico, y del hipnotizador, proviene de los espectáculos circenses de hipnosis (stage hypnosis), del cine, de la televisión y de la literatura de ficción. Por otro lado, tenemos en la literatura de ficción una fuente única e inestimable de datos, ideas, especulaciones, preocupaciones y posibilidades en torno al magnetismo animal e hipnosis que convierten su estudio y análisis en un capítulo imprescindible de cualquier trabajo histórico de este tema. Veremos cómo el uso literario del mesmerismo en el caso de Poe, Doyle y Du Maurier no es algo casual o periférico, sino que todos ellos estuvieron intelectualmente interesados y estimulados por estas ideas (AU)

In this article, we focus on the social image of the phenomenon known as mesmerism, or animal magnetism, through analysis of the works: The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar (1845) by Edgar Allan Poe, The Great Keinplatz Experiment (1885) by Conan Doyle and Trilby (1894) by George Du Maurier. We describe the stereotype of the mesmerist and the uses of mesmerism observed. We pay attention to the spaces and actors of the mesmeric transcript presented in the stories. We consider the reception of these stories by the public and the relationship of the authors with mesmeric and hypnotic knowledge. Nowadays, academic researchers in the discipline of psychology publish articles and books on popular myths about hypnosis in attempts to depict the distorted images related to this phenomenon. This distorted image of the hypnotic process and the hypnotist derives from "circus" hypnotism shows (stage hypnosis), the cinema, television and fictional literature. Works of fiction represent a unique and invaluable source of information, ideas, speculations, concerns and opportunities around animal magnetism and hypnosis, and the exploration and analysis of this literature is an essential chapter in any historical study of this topic. We see how the literary use of mesmerism by Poe, Doyle and Du Maurier is not chance or peripheral, with all three being intellectually interested in and stimulated by these ideas (AU)

O olhar do sujeito sobre o seu processo terapêutico com hipnoterapia: uma perspectiva qualitativa / The subject's view about therapeutic process with hypnosis: a qualitative perspective

Esta pesquisa se propôs a fazer uma avaliação da experiência terapêutica com hipnose segundo o olhar do sujeito. Pretendeu-se incluir na avaliação da psicoterapia a dimensão da democracia, oportunizando a horizontalização entre o saber psicológico e o saber do sujeito. Deparamo-nos com a vasta quantidade de estudos quantitativos em detrimento de pesquisas qualitativas que contemplem o sujeito. A atuação da clínica psicoterapêutica no Brasil está em significativa expansão, exigindo que pesquisas na área sejam realizadas a fim de avaliar a eficácia das psicoterapias. O trabalho assume, portanto, a epistemologia qualitativa, o método construtivo-interpretativo e o dispositivo clínico da hipnose como seus norteadores, inspirando-se no pensamento complexo e na fenomenologia. O objetivo geral visa à compreensão da vivência subjetiva em hipnoterapia, enquanto que os objetivos específicos dirigem-se às construções ilustrativas das configurações subjetivas e seus respectivos sentidos subjetivos emergentes, buscando ainda identificar os pontos afins das subjetividades envolvidas, a partir dos quais podemos criar um espaço de reflexão para uma clínica psicoterápica de qualidade. As duas voluntárias da pesquisa expressam suas subjetividades a respeito da vivência terapêutica com hipnose no encontro com a pesquisadora, possibilitado pela dinâmica conversacional. Conclui-se que a perspectiva do sujeito sobre seu processo psicoterápico oportuniza modelos teóricos aperfeiçoados.(AU)

This research proposes to make an assessment of the therapeutic experience with hypnosis through the eyes of the subject. Wanting to include in the evaluation of psychotherapy, the dimension of democracy, giving opportunity to the flattening between psychological knowledge and knowledge of the subject. Facing the vast amount of quantitative studies rather than qualitative research that contemplate the subject. The role of psychotherapy in clinical psychology in Brazil is in a significant expansion, requiring researches in the area whit the purpose of evaluation the effectiveness of psychotherapy. This paper is therefore qualitative epistemology, the constructive-interpretive method and device clinical hypnosis as their guiding. It also added too inspirations complex thought and phenomenology. The overall goal is aimed at understanding the subjective experience in hypnotherapy, while the specific objectives are aimed at illustrating the constructions subjective configurations and their subjective senses emerging, and also intends to identify points related subjectivities involved, where we can create a space for reflection for a psychotherapeutic practice quality. The two research volunteers express their subjectivities regarding the therapeutic experience with hypnosis in the meeting with the researcher, made possible by the conversational dynamics. We conclude that the perspective of the subject on his psychotherapeutic process provides opportunities improved theoretical models. (AU)

The use of online resources in the treatment of three cases of simple phobia.

Numerous creative methods have been developed to incorporate computer technology into cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders. In contrast, little has been written about the role that computer technology might play in therapy with hypnosis. This article is an exploration of some basic ways that clinicians can use images from computer search engines and YouTube to enhance exposure therapy for phobias. These adaptations may be particularly useful for the subgroup of patients who have difficulty re-creating and experiencing vivid and compelling aversive imagery in hypnosis, and consequently are reluctant to pursue in vivo exposure. Three cases are presented that illustrate ways in which computer images of fear inducing stimuli can be used with traditional permissive hypnosis to amplify exposure therapy.

Hipnose para controle de claustrofobia em exames de ressonância magnética / Hypnosis for management of claustrophobia in magnetic resonance imaging

OBJETIVO: Testar a eficácia da hipnose para o controle de claustrofobia em pacientes submetidos a exames de ressonância magnética. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes claustrofóbicos, com indicação de sedação para ressonância magnética, foram submetidos a hipnose pela técnica de Braid. Os pacientes suscetíveis à hipnose foram encaminhados para realização do exame em estado de transe hipnótico, sem uso de medicamentos para sedação. RESULTADOS: Da amostra estudada, 18 casos (90 por cento) foram suscetíveis à técnica. Dos 16 pacientes sensíveis à hipnose que compareceram para a ressonância magnética, 15 (93,8 por cento) realizaram o exame em transe hipnótico, sem ocorrência de crise de claustrofobia e sem necessitar de medicamentos para sedação. CONCLUSÃO: Hipnose é uma alternativa para a sedação medicamentosa em pacientes claustrofóbicos que necessitam realizar ressonância magnética.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hypnosis for management of claustrophobia in patients submitted to magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty claustrophobic patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging under sedation were submitted to hypnosis using the Braid technique. The patients susceptible to hypnosis were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging under hypnotic trance without using sedative drugs. RESULTS: Out of the sample, 18 (90 percent) patients were susceptible to the technique. Of the 16 hypnotizable subjects who were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging, 15 (93.8 percent) could complete the examination under hypnotic trance, with no sign of claustrophobia and without need of sedative drugs. CONCLUSION: Hypnosis is an alternative to anesthetic sedation for claustrophobic patients who must undergo magnetic resonance imaging.

Hipnosis y terapias cognitivas / Hypnosis and cognitive therapies

La hipnosis y la terapia cognitiva parecen reflejar, enm principio, dos concepciones muy distintas de la intervención psicológica. Sin embargo, ambas contemplan entre sus objetivos la reorganización de las estructuras cognitivas del clinete. Este objetivo común las hace compatibles y podría permitir a las terapias cognitivas nuevas formas de intervenir en tales estructuras. La hipnosis promueve que el cliente haga por símismo este proceso de reestructuración sin el control racional y consciente, por lo que se pueden modificar estructuras inaccesibles a la conciencia, el lenguaje y, por tanto, al análisis cognitivo

Hypnosis and cognitive therapies may appear as two distant approaches for psychological practice. However, both retain among their aims the reorganization of theclients’ cognitive structures. These common goals make them compatible and allownew intervention pathways for cognitive therapists. Hypnosis stimulates clients to doby themselves a process of cognitive restructuring without monitoring and controllingit. Thus, cognitive structures which are not available through thinking and language can be modified without a cognitive analysis

Hipnosis / No disponible

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Personalidad, psicopatología y sugestionabilidad hipnótica / No disponible

En esta revisión se contrasta la investigación académica y clínica relacionada con la sugestionabilidad hipnótica. La investigación académica básica usando medidas estandarizadas ha demostrado varias relaciones consistentes y significativas. La investigación sobre el constructo, absorción, y otras variables relacionadas con la habilidad imaginativa parecía prometedora, pero investigación posterior indicó que los resultados estaban influidos por el contexto de la evaluación. En general, la investigación básica sobre personalidad y sugestionabilidad hipnótica indica que pueden haber correlaciones válidas, pero los niveles de las relaciones son bajas. Sin embargo, la investigación clínica sobre la relación de varios síntomas psicopatológicos y síndromes indica la existencia de relaciones significativas entre alta sugestionabilidad hipnótica y psicopatología. Se discute las razones de la discrepancia entre los hallazgos de las investigaciones académicas y clínicas (AU)

Academic and clinical research on correlates of hypnotic suggestibility is contrasted in this review. Basic academic research using standardized measures has yielded few consistent, significant relationships. Research on the construct, absorption, and other variables related to imaginative ability seemed promising, but further research indicated that results were biased by the context of assessment. Overall, basic research on personality and hypnotic suggestibility indicates that there may be some valid correlates, but the levels of the relationships are quite low. However, clinical research on the relationship of various psychopathological symptoms and syndromes indicates a number of meaningful relationships between high hypnotic suggestibility and psychopathology. Reasons for the discrepancy between academic and clinical research findings are discussed (AU)

¿Es lo peligroso de la hypnosis el hipnoterapeuta?: Hipnosis y Falsos recuerdos / No disponible

La hipnosis es una técnica carente de riesgos per se. Sin embargo, un uso inadecuado de tal técnica puede ser iatrógeno, especialmente en lo referido a la génesis de falsos recuerdos por parte de la persona hipnotizada. Las creencias erróneas y mitos sobre las potencialidades de la hipnosis transmitidos por los medios de comunicación y los propios terapeutas (especialmente los que se hacen llamar hipnoterapeutas) suelen ser, en última instancia, los responsables de los riesgos de la hipnosis. Por lo tanto, una forma de ayudar a prevenir tales riesgos es proporcionar una información rigurosa y veraz al cliente al que se pretende hipnotizar o que solicita la hipnosis (AU)

Hypnosis is a technique that lacks intrinsic risks. Nevertheless, a wrong use of hypnosis can be dangerous due to the increased probability of creating false memories in the hypnotized person. Myths and erroneous conceptions about hypnosis potentialities that are usually transmitted by the media and some therapists (especially the so called "hypnotherapists"), are responsible, among others, of the risks posed by hypnosis. Therefore, one way of preventing such risks is to provide the clients who request hypnosis with accurate and rigorous information about this therapeutic technique (AU)

La hypnosis psicológica en España / No disponible

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Hypnotic devices may be more than placebo.

The study attempted to assess the effectiveness of two devices in facilitating the induction of hypnosis in subjects preselected as low in hypnotizability. Undergraduates were exposed to no treatment (control) or one of four combinations of devices during the induction phase of being administered the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form B of Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard (1959). Analyses revealed only one of the conditions resulted in a significant difference in subjects' realness ratings of hypnotic items and an increase in hypnotizability score. If the effect is more than a chance significance of placebo, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

¿Puede la sugestión curar las enfermedadesde la piel? / Can suggestion heal skin diseases?

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Una introducción al psicoanalisís / Introduction to psychoanalysis

Es importante remitirnos a un contexto histórico para ver la evolución de la ciencia psicoanalítica. Para hablar de psicoanálisis implica hablar de su fundador Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) quien realizó sus estudios de medicina en Viena donde trabajó con el fisiólogo Ernesto Brucke y con el psiquiatra Charcot. Es a partir de este último que Freud se interesa en las investigaciones sobre la histeria y los efectos que producía la sugestión hipnótica sobre ésta